Selected Extracts from VTPI TDM Encyclopedia

In the following we present a selection of measures which in our view correspond with the time limited 20/20 window, the first half of which drawn from the fine Online TDM Encyclopedia of the Victoria Transport Policy Institute (whose founder and director, Todd Litman is one of the charter members of our International Advisory Council, and from who we have asked and gained permission to use their materials in this way). The sorting process has significantly reduced the full listing which you can see on the original site, and which in addition to the following also goes into such important strategies and measures as longer term Land Use, Livability Strategies, Rural TDM, New Urbanism, Smart Growth, Transit Oriented Development, Aviation and the long list goes on. But once again for the most part these fall well outside of our tight time constraints for the 20/20 approach.

This listing provides you with some valuable leads to conslut at length when it is time to consider what exactly to do in your city project to turn it from a bright idea to palpable on-street reality. Our main contribution here is to make user that you are aware of this important information source, and to have carried out a bit of selection so that you can for now concentrate on measures which relate to our tight time frame. As you click each item below, you will be taken into the corresponding entry in the VTPI Encyclopedia. You may in fact prefer to access it directly, which you can do by clicking here.

Improved Transport Options
Alternative Work Schedules	Flextime, Compressed Work Week (CWW), and staggered shifts.
Cycling Improvements	Strategies for improving bicycle transport.
Bike/Transit Integration	Ways to integrate bicycling and public transit.
Carsharing	Vehicle rental services that substitute for private vehicle ownership.
Flextime	Flexible daily work schedules.
Guaranteed Ride Home	An occasional subsidized ride home for commuters who use alternative modes.
Individual Actions for Efficient Transport	Actions that individuals can take to support TDM objectives.
Nonmotorized Planning	Planning for walking, cycling, and small-wheeled transport.
Nonmotorized Facility Management	Best practices for managing and maintaining nonmotorized facilities such as walkways, sidewalks and paths.
Park & Ride	Programs to provide convenient parking at transit and rideshare stations.
Pedestrian Improvements	Strategies for improving walking conditions.
Ridesharing	Strategies for encouraging carpooling and vanpooling.
Shuttle Services	Shuttle buses, jitneys and free transit zones.
Small Wheeled Transport	Accommodating skates, scooters, handcarts and utility wagons.
Taxi Service Improvements	Strategies for improving taxi services.
Telework (Telecommuting, Distance-Learning, Tele-shopping, etc.)	Use of telecommunications as a substitute for physical travel.
Traffic Calming	Roadway designs that reduce vehicle traffic speeds and volumes.
Transit Improvements	Strategies for improving public transit services.
Universal Design (Barrier Free Transport Planning)	Transportation systems that accommodate all users, including people with disabilities and other special needs
Incentives To Use Alternative Modes and Reduce Driving
Walking And Cycling Encouragement	Strategies for encouraging nonmotorized transportation.
Commuter Financial Incentives	Parking cash out, travel allowance, transit and rideshare benefits.
Congestion Pricing	Variable road pricing used to reduce peak-period vehicle trips.
Distance-Based Pricing	Various fees and taxes based on a vehicle’s mileage.
Fuel Taxes	Increasing fuel taxes to achieve TDM objectives.
HOV (High Occupant Vehicle) Priority	Strategies that give transit and rideshare vehicles priority over other traffic.
Parking Pricing	Charging motorists directly for parking.
Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance	Converting vehicle insurance premiums into distance-based fees.
Road Pricing	Congestion pricing, value pricing, road tolls and HOT lanes
Road Space Reallocation	Roadway design and management practices that favor efficient modes.
Speed Reductions	Strategies to reduce traffic speeds.
Street Reclaiming	Strategies for encouraging community interaction on neighborhood streets.
Transit Encouragement	Strategies for encouraging public transit use.
Vehicle Use Restrictions	Strategies to limit vehicle traffic at a particular time and place.
Parking and Land Use Management
Bicycle Parking	Bicycle racks, bicycle lockers and changing facilities.
Car-Free Districts and Pedestrianized Streets	Designing special areas and times for minimal automobile use.
Strong Commercial Centers	Creating vibrant downtowns, business districts, urban villages and other accessible, mixed-use activity centers.
Connectivity	Creating More Connected Roadway and Pathway Networks.
Parking Cost, Pricing and Revenue Calculator	Excel spreadsheet calculates parking facility costs, prices and revenue.
Parking Management	Strategies for more efficient use of parking.
Parking Pricing	Charging motorists directly for parking.
Parking Solutions	Comprehensive menu of solutions to parking problems.
Parking Evaluation	Guidelines for evaluating parking problems and solutions.
Shared Parking	Sharing parking facilities among multiple users.
Multi-Modal Access Guides	Describes how to develop a guide with customized directions to a particular destination by various modes.
Policy And Institutional Reforms
Asset Management	Policies and programs to preserve valuable assets.
Car-Free Planning	Reduced driving at particular times and places.
Change Management	Discusses ways to build support for institutional change.
Comprehensive Market Reforms	Policy changes that result in more efficient transport pricing.
Context Sensitive Design	Flexible design requirements to reflect community values.
Institutional Reforms	Creating organizations that support efficient transport.
Least Cost Planning	Creating an unbiased framework for transport planning.
Prioritizing Transportation	Principles for prioritizing transportation activities and investments.
Regulatory Reform	Policy changes to encourage competition, innovation, diversity and efficiency in transport services.

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A reference inventory of measures

This simple listing of individual measures and tools -- more than 400 in all - is provided here simply as a first reminder that there are a very large number of tools at our disposal in order to make the transition to sustainable transport. As you will note if you read carefully, it is somewhat out of date, having been taken directly from the annex to one of our earlier advisory studies to support the strategic restructuring of the transport sector for the region including Bilbao Spain. These measures are listed in alphabetical order, followed by the reference number assigned in each case which links to the full report: from the broad categories of

1. Measures Aiming to Reduce Car Traffic and/or Its Direct Environmental Effects;
2. Traffic Calming;
3. Measures Intending to Reduce the Need for Physical Movement;
4. Alternative Transport Services and Providers.

Most of these measures still make sense today, and many of them could be put to work within the very short time period targeted here.

1. Access or Node management, No. 154 [B - Traffic Limitations]
2. Access Ramp closures (permanent, by day or hour), No. 117 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
3. Add lanes without widening, No. 108 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
4. Adjust tax policies re company cars (For purchase use parking fuel mileage allowances, etc.), No. 53 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
5. Alternating work hours, No. 238 [C - Time/Travel Management]
6. Alternative fuels, No. 22 [A - Car technology/Design]
7. Alternative fuels (CNG), No. 23 [A - Car technology/Design]
8. Alternative fuels (gasohol), No. 24 [A - Car technology/Design]
9. Alternative fuels (hydrogen), No. 25 [A - Car technology/Design]
10. Alternative fuels (LNG/LPG), No. 26 [A - Car technology/Design]
11. Alternative fuels (methane), No. 27 [A - Car technology/Design]
12. Alternative fuels (methanol), No. 28 [A - Car technology/Design]
13. Alternative fuels (natural gas), No. 29 [A - Car technology/Design]
14. Alternative motors with improved fuel economy/reduced environmental impacts, No. 30 [A - Car technology/Design]
15. Amenities for those who bike run or walk to work., No. 278 [D - Non motorized Transport]
16. Angers Radiobus (France), No. 298 [D - Paratransit]
17. Angle parking, No. 124 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
18. Anybody can be a taxi schemes, No. 327 [D - Paratransit]
19. Area access limitation according to trip destination, No. 155 [B - Traffic Limitations]
20. Area access road pricing, No. 193 [B - Traffic Limitations]
21. Area bans on certain categories of users (i.e., non residents, non local workers, etc.), No. 156 [B - Traffic Limitations]
22. Area licenses, No. 268 [D - Goods Transport]
23. Area mileage charges, No. 269 [D - Goods Transport]
24. Area Parking Bans, No. 157 [B - Traffic Limitations]
25. Area tax supplements on fuels, services, No. 54 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
26. Area time charges, No. 270 [D - Goods Transport]
27. Area Traffic Bans (Car free zone pedestrian zones), No. 158 [B - Traffic Limitations]
28. Area Traffic Limitations (By time of day Odd/even schemes etc.), No. 159 [B - Traffic Limitations]
29. ARZ Auto Restricted Zone, No. 160 [B - Traffic Limitations]
30. ATMS Advanced Traffic Management Systems, No. 89 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
31. ATSAC Automated Traffic Surveillance and Control Systems, No. 90 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
32. Autoguide, No. 16 [A - Car technology/Design]
33. Automatic highways (guideway systems), No. 91 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
34. AVI, No. 358 [D - Public Transport]
35. AVI Automatic Vehicle Identification Systems, No. 92 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
36. AVI Automatic Vehicle Location Systems, No. 93 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
37. AVI Automatic Vehicle Monitoring Systems, No. 94 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
38. AVI technologies for toll collection, No. 95 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
39. AVM, No. 359 [D - Public Transport]
40. AVM, No. 360 [D - Public Transport]
41. Balancing retail/service mix at neighborhood level, No. 200 [C - Physical Planning]
42. BankLink (home banking services), No. 216 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
43. Bans of specific types of motors fuels or vehicles, No. 161 [B - Traffic Limitations]
44. Bans on Larger cars, No. 44 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
45. Bans on less fuel efficient vehicles, No. 45 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
46. Bans on more polluting vehicles, No. 46 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
47. Bans on older cars, No. 47 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
48. Bans/limitations by type of trip, No. 162 [B - Traffic Limitations]
49. Bans/limitations by type of vehicle, No. 163 [B - Traffic Limitations]
50. Bans/limitations by vehicle ownership, No. 164 [B - Traffic Limitations]
51. Bans/limitations by vehicle size, No. 165 [B - Traffic Limitations]
52. Bays for delivery service vehicles, No. 245 [D - Goods Transport]
53. Bays for public transit vehicles, No. 372 [D - Public Transport]
54. Belbus (Netherlands), No. 299 [D - Paratransit]
55. Better passenger information systems, No. 373 [D - Public Transport]
56. BillLink (Bill paying at home), No. 217 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
57. Bollards, No. 125 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
58. Buffers, No. 126 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
59. Bus laybys, No. 374 [D - Public Transport]
60. Bus Only Streets/Zones, No. 364 [D - Public Transport]
61. Bus pools, No. 300 [D - Paratransit]
62. Busphone (Saint Cloud and Confluent France), No. 301 [D - Paratransit]
63. Busways, No. 365 [D - Public Transport]
64. Buxi (BUs+taXI (Netherlands), No. 338 [D - Paratransit]
65. Car clubs, No. 318 [D - Paratransit]
66. Car pools, No. 328 [D - Paratransit]
67. Casual or Spontaneous pooling, No. 329 [D - Paratransit]
68. Central islands, No. 127 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
69. Centralized delivery schemes, No. 251 [D - Goods Transport]
70. Changes in zoning regulations, No. 201 [C - Physical Planning]
71. Changing shop hours, No. 229 [C - Time/Travel Management]
72. Channel forcers, No. 128 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
73. Chicanes, No. 129 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
74. Chokers, No. 130 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
75. Circles, No. 131 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
76. City cars, No. 1 [A - Car technology/Design]
77. Clean fuels, No. 31 [A - Car technology/Design]
78. Clean fuels (EC X ARCO), No. 32 [A - Car technology/Design]
79. Cleaner vehicles/engines, No. 2 [A - Car technology/Design]
80. Clustering, No. 202 [C - Physical Planning]
81. Community Based, No. 302 [D - Paratransit]
82. Community buses, No. 303 [D - Paratransit]
83. Commuter bus services, No. 304 [D - Paratransit]
84. Commuter cabs, No. 339 [D - Paratransit]
85. Commuter rail, No. 399 [D - Public Transport]
86. Company car projects, No. 330 [D - Paratransit]
87. Counter flow bus lanes, No. 366 [D - Public Transport]
88. Culs de sac, No. 118 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
89. Cycle accommodations and measures, No. 279 [D - Non motorized Transport]
90. Cycle paths and networks, No. 280 [D - Non motorized Transport]
91. Delivery in small electric flatbeds, No. 273 [D - Goods Transport]
92. Delivery yards for off street service, No. 246 [D - Goods Transport]
93. DemoLink (electronic democracy voting), No. 218 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
94. Diagonal diverters, No. 132 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
95. Dial a Bus, No. 305 [D - Paratransit]
96. Dial a Ride, No. 340 [D - Paratransit]
97. Differential fares for public transport, No. 234 [C - Time/Travel Management]
98. Differential tolls/user charges, No. 55 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
99. Discriminatory vehicle pricing/taxes (by area), No. 56 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
100. Disincentives to discourage solo car use (paid parking, less convenient parking, no parking), No. 70 [A - Parking Strategies]
101. Diverters, No. 133 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
102. DRIVE, No. 96 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
103. Driver information systems (on board external pre trip), No. 17 [A - Car technology/Design]
104. Drivers licenses, No. 38 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
105. DRT (Demand Responsive Transportation), No. 341 [D - Paratransit]
106. Dual mode or piggy back transport for cars, No. 3 [A - Car technology/Design]
107. Dual use design vehicles, No. 4 [A - Car technology/Design]
108. Dynamic signing (single facility), No. 65 [A - Parking Strategies]
109. E&H services, No. 342 [D - Paratransit]
110. EduLink (home education distance learning), No. 219 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
111. Electric ""golf carts"", No. 5 [A - Car technology/Design]
112. Electric cars, No. 6 [A - Car technology/Design]
113. Electric motor (battery), No. 33 [A - Car technology/Design]
114. Electric motor (fuel cell), No. 34 [A - Car technology/Design]
115. Elimination of parking subsidies for all cars other than carpools, No. 82 [A - Parking Strategies]
116. Elimination of parking subsidies for company cars, No. 83 [A - Parking Strategies]
117. Emissions control and conditioning systems, No. 35 [A - Car technology/Design]
118. Employer based arrangements, No. 331 [D - Paratransit]
119. Employer incentives for using mass transit or ridesharing, No. 286 [D - Paratransit]
120. Employer incentives to hire locals, No. 287 [D - Paratransit]
121. Employer taxes, No. 408 [D - Public Transport]
122. Employer owned or contracted Clean Fuel vehicles for business or emergency use by employees, No. 288 [D - Paratransit]
123. Encourage employers to provide lockers showers dressing rooms, No. 277 [D - Non motorized transport]
124. Encourage late night delivery, No. 257 [D - Goods Transport]
125. Enforcement policies, No. 182 [B - Traffic Limitations]
126. Entry charges, No. 271 [D - Goods Transport]
127. Expanded off street parking, No. 71 [A - Parking Strategies]
128. Extension of use of church buses, No. 306 [D - Paratransit]
129. Extension of use of school and postal buses, No. 307 [D - Paratransit]
130. Färdtjänst, No. 343 [D - Paratransit]
131. Feeder services, No. 344 [D - Paratransit]
132. Five Minute Neighborhoods, No. 203 [C - Physical Planning]
133. Flextime schemes, No. 239 [C - Time/Travel Management]
134. Forts, No. 134 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
135. Free Fare schemes, No. 409 [D - Public Transport]
136. Free or Lower parking rates for HOVs, No. 84 [A - Parking Strategies]
137. Fuel rationing or voucher schemes, No. 39 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
138. Fuel taxes, No. 57 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
139. Fuel, parts, No. 40 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
140. Full size vehicles capable of substituting for ICE cars, No. 7 [A - Car technology/Design]
141. General Bans on traffic (city wide, area wide, neighborhood, street, block), No. 166 [B - Traffic Limitations]
142. Group ride taxis, No. 345 [D - Paratransit]
143. High capacity vehicles, No. 400 [D - Public Transport]
144. High Occupancy Vehicle Access Schemes, No. 367 [D - Public Transport]
145. High occupancy vehicle incentives, No. 181 [B - Traffic Limitations]
146. Hitchhiking schemes, No. 332 [D - Paratransit]
147. Horse and Collar schemes, No. 167 [B - Traffic Limitations]
148. Hours of service modification, No. 258 [D - Goods Transport]
149. HOV Lanes/Corridors, No. 368 [D - Public Transport]
150. HOV Streets/Zones, No. 369 [D - Public Transport]
151. Illusory bumps, No. 135 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
152. Illusory narrowing/speed control devices, No. 136 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
153. Improved intermodal transfer, No. 375 [D - Public Transport]
154. Improved loading zone placement delimitation & control, No. 247 [D - Goods Transport]
155. Improved passenger monitoring systems, No. 361 [D - Public Transport]
156. Improved ticketing systems, No. 376 [D - Public Transport]
157. Improvement of Financial Base, No. 410 [D - Public Transport]
158. Improvement of Passenger Access, No. 377 [D - Public Transport]
159. Incentive schemes for group riding, No. 289 [D - Paratransit]
160. Incentive support programs for non auto use by employees from outlying areas, No. 290 [D - Paratransit]
161. Incentives for new private vendor services, No. 291 [D - Paratransit]
162. incentives to reduce solo driver car use (e.g. ride sharing programs van pools company, No. 292 [D - Paratransit]
163. Increase parking rates, No. 85 [A - Parking Strategies]
164. Increase penalties for traffic violations, No. 194 [B - Traffic Limitations]
165. Increase survayance of infractions, No. 183 [B - Traffic Limitations]
166. Increasing vehicle occupancy rates, No. 333 [D - Paratransit]
167. Integrated signing systems (multi facility), No. 88 [A - Traffic Facilitation]
168. Intelligent traffic signaling, No. 97 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
169. Intercept parking (on periphery of city), No. 66 [A - Parking Strategies]
170. Interfaces/access, No. 378 [D - Public Transport]
171. Integrating public transport with pedestrian areas, No. 379 [D - Public Transport]
172. Intersection protection/management, No. 184 [B - Traffic Limitations]
173. IVHS Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems (USA), No. 98 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
174. Jitneys, No. 346 [D - Paratransit]
175. Job sharing, No. 240 [C - Time/Travel Management]
176. Kiss and ride, No. 67 [A - Parking Strategies]
177. Kiss and ride, No. 380 [D - Public Transport]
178. LA STUS (Saumur France), No. 308 [D - Paratransit]
179. Land use controls, No. 204 [C - Physical Planning]
180. Landscape corridors/separation, No. 137 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
181. Landscaping as barriers/protection, No. 138 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
182. LATM Local Area Traffic Management, No. 168 [B - Traffic Limitations]
183. LawLink (legal services), No. 220 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
184. Learner systems), No. 347 [D - Paratransit]
185. Legalizing Black/ghost taxis, No. 348 [D - Paratransit]
186. Life Cycle housing, No. 205 [C - Physical Planning]
187. Limitations on cars purchased by people living/working in specific areas, No. 48 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
188. Limited access bans, No. 185 [B - Traffic Limitations]
189. Limited stop bus services, No. 388 [D - Public Transport]
190. Line taxis, No. 349 [D - Paratransit]
191. Lineantaxi, No. 350 [D - Paratransit]
192. Loading requirements, No. 259 [D - Goods Transport]
193. Low speed streets/street sharing, No. 169 [B - Traffic Limitations]
194. LRT (light rail transit), No. 401 [D - Public Transport]
195. Making private cars pay full social costs (many ways), No. 58 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
196. Mass transit, No. 402 [D - Public Transport]
197. MedLink (remote diagnostic medical advisory services), No. 221 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
198. Mini roundabouts, No. 139 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
199. minibus services, No. 309 [D - Paratransit]
200. Minimum rider requirements (HOVs), No. 186 [B - Traffic Limitations]
201. Mixed use architecture, No. 206 [C - Physical Planning]
202. Modification of existing subsidies (direct, indirect), No. 59 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
203. Modification of tax deduction provisions, No. 60 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
204. Monthly passes (Cartes Oranges), No. 381 [D - Public Transport]
205. More effective use of taxis, No. 351 [D - Paratransit]
206. More frequent services, No. 389 [D - Public Transport]
207. Movement minimization schemes (physical planning), No. 207 [C - Physical Planning]
208. Municipal delivery services, No. 252 [D - Goods Transport]
209. Neckdowns, No. 140 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
210. Neighborhood cars, No. 8 [A - Car technology/Design]
211. Neighborhood mini service centers, No. 208 [C - Physical Planning]
212. Neighborhood transport projects, No. 284 [D - Paratransit]
213. New designs and technologies of supporting infrastructure, No. 282 [D - Non motorized Transport]
214. New designs and technologies of two wheelers three wheelers, No. 283 [D - Non motorized Transport]
215. New enforcement strategies, No. 187 [B - Traffic Limitations]
216. New feeder services, No. 382 [D - Public Transport]
217. New finance sources, No. 411 [D - Public Transport]
218. New lines, No. 390 [D - Public Transport]
219. New long term rental schemes arrangements, No. 319 [D - Paratransit]
220. New parking technologies (stacking), No. 68 [A - Parking Strategies]
221. New services, No. 391 [D - Public Transport]
222. New supporting infrastructure, No. 403 [D - Public Transport]
223. New systems, No. 404 [D - Public Transport]
224. New technology transport systems, No. 405 [D - Public Transport]
225. New technology/design vehicles: Size coupling engines fuels etc., No. 274 [D - Goods Transport]
226. New two stroke technology (Orbital), No. 36 [A - Car technology/Design]
227. New Types of Bus Uses, No. 310 [D - Paratransit]
228. New Uses of Telecommunications in the Home, No. 222 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
229. New vehicles, No. 406 [D - Public Transport]
230. No left turns, No. 119 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
231. No right turns, No. 120 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
232. No turns, No. 121 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
233. Noise barriers, No. 141 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
234. Non vehicular transport of goods and waste, No. 248 [D - Goods Transport]
235. Odd/Even entry schemes, No. 170 [B - Traffic Limitations]
236. Off hour access to pedestrian zones, No. 260 [D - Goods Transport]
237. On board location and guidance systems, No. 18 [A - Car technology/Design]
238. On board route information systems, No. 19 [A - Car technology/Design]
239. On board traffic information systems, No. 20 [A - Car technology/Design]
240. On street parking bans during peak periods, No. 72 [A - Parking Strategies]
241. On street parking restrictions, No. 86 [A - Parking Strategies]
242. One way Out Street, No. 122 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
243. Package delivery services, No. 253 [D - Goods Transport]
244. Park + Ride, No. 69 [A - Parking Strategies]
245. Park + Ride, No. 383 [D - Public Transport]
246. Parking, No. 41 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
247. Parking fines and penalties, No. 73 [A - Parking Strategies]
248. Parking prohibition on arterials, No. 74 [A - Parking Strategies]
249. Parking time limit adjustments, No. 75 [A - Parking Strategies]
250. PATH, No. 99 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
251. Paydrive (Swaffham Norfolk UK), No. 320 [D - Paratransit]
252. Peak load pricing (Parking), No. 235 [C - Time/Travel Management]
253. Peak load pricing (public transport), No. 236 [C - Time/Travel Management]
254. Peak load pricing (Tolls other car based), No. 237 [C - Time/Travel Management]
255. Pedestrian bridges, No. 109 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
256. Pedestrian paths, No. 281 [D - Non motorized Transport]
257. Pedestrian pockets, No. 209 [C - Physical Planning]
258. Pedestrian tunnels, No. 110 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
259. Pedestrian zones/malls, No. 142 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
260. Peripheral break bulk and transfer stations, No. 261 [D - Goods Transport]
261. Pick up a neighbor programs, No. 334 [D - Paratransit]
262. Planters, No. 143 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
263. Policies toward stopped delivery vehicles, No. 262 [D - Goods Transport]
264. Preferential Lanes/Corridors, No. 370 [D - Public Transport]
265. Priced permits for area entry, No. 195 [B - Traffic Limitations]
266. Private and Other Bus Services, No. 311 [D - Paratransit]
267. Private multi firm delivery services, No. 254 [D - Goods Transport]
268. Private sector initiatives, No. 392 [D - Public Transport]
269. Private sector supporting inputs, No. 384 [D - Public Transport]
270. Privatization of parking functions, No. 76 [A - Parking Strategies]
271. Procotip (Montpelier), No. 321 [D - Paratransit]
272. Prometheus, No. 100 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
273. Public transport priority at lights, No. 362 [D - Public Transport]
274. Purchase price surcharges, No. 49 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
275. Purchase requirement to show proof of junked car, No. 50 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
276. Purchase requirement to show proof of parking, No. 51 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
277. Purchase tax which proportionately (or otherwise) penalizes (polluting vehicles, fuel inefficiency, size), No. 61 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
278. Quieter vehicles, No. 9 [A - Car technology/Design]
279. R Bus (Wunosdorf Germany), No. 312 [D - Paratransit]
280. Ramp metering, No. 123 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
281. Ramp metering and access charges, No. 101 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
282. Rankine cycle engines, No. 37 [A - Car technology/Design]
283. RDS, No. 21 [A - Car technology/Design]
284. Red routes (express arterials), No. 113 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
285. Redesign of road machines to soften edge for urban operation, No. 10 [A - Car technology/Design]
286. Reduction of on street parking, No. 77 [A - Parking Strategies]
287. Remove all other car service and support facilities, No. 188 [B - Traffic Limitations]
288. Remove gas pumps in area, No. 189 [B - Traffic Limitations]
289. Rental Car Schemes, No. 322 [D - Paratransit]
290. Reorganization, No. 393 [D - Public Transport]
291. Reserved lanes, No. 371 [D - Public Transport]
292. Reserved lanes for heavy vehicles, No. 249 [D - Goods Transport]
293. Residential parking special rates, No. 78 [A - Parking Strategies]
294. Residential parking permits, No. 79 [A - Parking Strategies]
295. Residential parking schemes, No. 80 [A - Parking Strategies]
296. Residential precincts, No. 171 [B - Traffic Limitations]
297. Restructuring of itineraries/schedules, No. 394 [D - Public Transport]
298. Retax (Germany), No. 313 [D - Paratransit]
299. Reversible lanes, No. 111 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
300. Ridesharing, No. 335 [D - Paratransit]
301. Road pricing (Cordons + policing), No. 196 [B - Traffic Limitations]
302. Road pricing (simple systems), No. 190 [B - Traffic Limitations]
303. Road pricing Area licensing, No. 197 [B - Traffic Limitations]
304. Road pricing cordon/toll entry, No. 198 [B - Traffic Limitations]
305. Road space, No. 42 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
306. Route deviation services, No. 395 [D - Public Transport]
307. Route Taxis, No. 352 [D - Paratransit]
308. RTI Road Telematics (EC), No. 102 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
309. Rufbus (Germany), No. 314 [D - Paratransit]
310. Runabouts, No. 11 [A - Car technology/Design]
311. Safety Through Panic, No. 144 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
312. Sammeltaxis, No. 353 [D - Paratransit]
313. Satellite Officing, No. 213 [C - Physical Planning]
314. School hour changes, No. 230 [C - Time/Travel Management]
315. SCOOT (Split Cycle and Offset Optimization Techniques) , No. 103 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
316. Secure containers for off hours delivery, No. 263 [D - Goods Transport]
317. Secure containers for out of hours collection/delivery, No. 275 [D - Goods Transport]
318. SecurLnk (home security), No. 223 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
319. Semi diverters, No. 145 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
320. Setting parking "thresholds", No. 81 [A - Parking Strategies]
321. Shared car ownership and use schemes, No. 323 [D - Paratransit]
322. Shifting fixed to variable costs (registration, insurance, etc.), No. 62 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
323. Shop to home delivery services (including by multi firm purveyor), No. 255 [D - Goods Transport]
324. ShopLink (Teleshopping needs delivery backup), No. 224 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
325. Short term rental cars, No. 324 [D - Paratransit]
326. Short term/trial bans, No. 172 [B - Traffic Limitations]
327. Short term/trial bans (as demonstration projects), No. 173 [B - Traffic Limitations]
328. Signing/traffic channeling, No. 114 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
329. Size limits on vehicles in certain areas, No. 264 [D - Goods Transport]
330. Skip stop services, No. 396 [D - Public Transport]
331. Skywalk system, No. 112 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
332. Sleeping policemen, No. 146 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
333. small bus services, No. 397 [D - Public Transport]
334. Smaller and possibly lower performance vehicles, No. 12 [A - Car technology/Design]
335. Smaller vehicles, No. 13 [A - Car technology/Design]
336. Smart cards, No. 363 [D - Public Transport]
337. Smart highway technologies, No. 104 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
338. Smart transit systems, No. 407 [D - Public Transport]
339. Social service transport, No. 336 [D - Paratransit]
340. SOV ceilings (for employers, school transport), No. 174 [B - Traffic Limitations]
341. Special road licenses/charges (size, energy consumption, fuel efficiency, location), No. 63 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
342. Special taxi services for specific target groups E&H School transport new communities, No. 354 [D - Paratransit]
343. Special truck routes, No. 265 [D - Goods Transport]
344. Specific hours access to bus lanes, No. 266 [D - Goods Transport]
345. Speed governors on vehicles, No. 14 [A - Car technology/Design]
346. Speed humps, No. 147 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
347. Speed limits (general and specific), No. 191 [B - Traffic Limitations]
348. Speed tables, No. 148 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
349. Staggered work hours, No. 241 [C - Time/Travel Management]
350. Strategic reductions in global supply, No. 52 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
351. Streekbuxi (Netherlands), No. 315 [D - Paratransit]
352. Street and Surface Treatment Strategies, No. 149 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
353. Street closing, No. 192 [B - Traffic Limitations]
354. Street painting, No. 150 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
355. Street planting, No. 151 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
356. Subscription services, No. 355 [D - Paratransit]
357. Subscription services, No. 398 [D - Public Transport]
358. Subsidized car rentals, No. 325 [D - Paratransit]
359. SVD Selective Vehicle Detection priority, No. 105 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
360. Swap body systems, No. 276 [D - Goods Transport]
361. Tax adjustment schemes (which shift certain fixed to variable costs), No. 64 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
362. Tax measures, No. 412 [D - Public Transport]
363. Taxi sharing, No. 356 [D - Paratransit]
364. Taxibuss (Netherlands), No. 316 [D - Paratransit]
365. TaxiCom, No. 357 [D - Paratransit]
366. Technology based road pricing schemes, No. 106 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
367. Technology based road pricing schemes, No. 199 [B - Traffic Limitations]
368. Telebus (Berlin Germany and Waterloo Belgium), No. 317 [D - Paratransit]
369. Telecommunications substitutes for transportation, No. 225 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
370. Telecommuting, No. 226 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
371. Teleconferencing, No. 227 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
372. Teleshopping, No. 256 [D - Goods Transport]
373. Through traffic bans (time of day, vehicles type, etc.), No. 175 [B - Traffic Limitations]
374. Time of day access bans/limitations, No. 176 [B - Traffic Limitations]
375. Toll roads, No. 115 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
376. Tolls on bridges tunnels, No. 116 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
377. Total access bans, No. 177 [B - Traffic Limitations]
378. Traffic Cells, No. 178 [B - Traffic Limitations]
379. Traffic Mazes, No. 179 [B - Traffic Limitations]
380. Transit information systems, No. 385 [D - Public Transport]
381. Transit shelters, No. 386 [D - Public Transport]
382. Transit stops & shelters, No. 387 [D - Public Transport]
383. Transportation brokerage, No. 285 [D - Paratransit]
384. Transportation Management Associations, No. 293 [D - Paratransit]
385. Transportation vouchers (user side subsidies), No. 413 [D - Public Transport]
386. Trip chaining, No. 231 [C - Time/Travel Management]
387. Trip consolidation (including pooling of various sorts), No. 232 [C - Time/Travel Management]
388. Trip planning, No. 233 [C - Time/Travel Management]
389. TRO Trip Reduction Ordinances, No. 180 [B - Traffic Limitations]
390. TRO Trip Reduction Ordinances (developed and applied in advance), No. 294 [D - Paratransit]
391. Truck bans, No. 267 [D - Goods Transport]
392. True balancing of jobs and housing, No. 214 [C - Physical Planning]
393. Underground delivery facilities, No. 250 [D - Goods Transport]
394. Urban villages, No. 210 [C - Physical Planning]
395. UTCS Urban Traffic Control Systems, No. 107 [A - Traffic Facilitation/Infrastructure]
396. Vanpools, No. 295 [D - Paratransit]
397. Variable parking charges (by hour, day, user, car size/type, etc.), No. 87 [A - Parking Strategies]
398. Variable work hours, No. 242 [C - Time/Travel Management]
399. Varied pavements, No. 152 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
400. Vehicle control and support systems, No. 15 [A - Car technology/Design]
401. Vehicles, No. 43 [A - Ownership/purchase controls]
402. Volunteer driver schemes, No. 337 [D - Paratransit]
403. Walk to school, No. 211 [C - Physical Planning]
404. Weight/bulk/distance taxes, No. 272 [D - Goods Transport]
405. Witkar (Amsterdam), No. 326 [D - Paratransit]
406. Woonerfs, No. 153 [B - Street architecture, etc.]
407. Work Center organization, No. 228 [C - Telecommunications Substitutes]
408. Work center organization, No. 215 [C - Physical Planning]
409. Work hour changes/staggering, No. 243 [C - Time/Travel Management]
410. Work based Transportation Systems, No. 296 [D - Paratransit]
411. Works buses, No. 297 [D - Paratransit]
412. Zoning regulations, No. 212 [C - Physical Planning]
413. 4 day week, No. 244 [C - Time/Travel Management]